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World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2017To investigate the effect of disease activity or thiopurine use on low birth weight and small for gestational age in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To investigate the effect of disease activity or thiopurine use on low birth weight and small for gestational age in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS
Selection criteria included all relevant articles on the effect of disease activity or thiopurine use on the risk of low birth weight (LBW) or small for gestational age (SGA) among pregnant women with IBD. Sixty-nine abstracts were identified, 35 papers were full text reviewed and, only 14 of them met inclusion criteria. Raw data were extracted to generate the relative risk of LBW or SGA. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, and nine reported raw data suitable for meta-analysis. We found an increased risk ratio of both SGA and LBW in women with active IBD, when compared with women in remission: 1.3 for SGA (4 studies, 95%CI: 1.0-1.6, = 0.04) and 2.0 for LBW (4 studies, 95%CI: 1.5-2.7, < 0.0001). Women on thiopurines during pregnancy had a higher risk of LBW (RR 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.9, = 0.007) compared with non-treated women, but when adjusted for disease activity there was no significant effect on LBW (RR 1.2, 95%CI: 0.6-2.2, = 0.6). No differences were observed regarding SGA (2 studies; RR 0.9, 95%CI: 0.7-1.2, = 0.5).
CONCLUSION
Women with active IBD during pregnancy have a higher risk of LBW and SGA in their neonates. This should be considered in treatment decisions during pregnancy.
Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 29259384
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i45.8082 -
BMC Veterinary Research Sep 2020Neonatal mortality (over the first three weeks of life) is a major concern in canine breeding facilities as an economic and welfare issue. Since low birth weight (LBW)...
BACKGROUND
Neonatal mortality (over the first three weeks of life) is a major concern in canine breeding facilities as an economic and welfare issue. Since low birth weight (LBW) dramatically increases the risk of neonatal death, the risk factors of occurrence need to be identified together with the chances and determinants of survival of newborns at-risk.
RESULTS
Data from 4971 puppies from 10 breeds were analysed. Two birth weight thresholds regarding the risk of neonatal mortality were identified by breed, using respectively Receiver Operating Characteristics and Classification and Regression Tree method. Puppies were qualified as LBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) when their birth weight value was respectively between the two thresholds and lower than the two thresholds. Mortality rates were 4.2, 8.8 and 55.3%, in the normal, LBW and VLBW groups, accounting for 48.7, 47.9 and 3.4% of the included puppies, respectively. A separate binary logistic regression approach allowed to identify breed, gender and litter size as determinants of LBW. The increase in litter size and being a female were associated with a higher risk for LBW. Survival for LBW puppies was reduced in litters with at least one stillborn, compared to litters with no stillborn, and was also reduced when the dam was more than 6 years old. Concerning VLBW puppies, occurrence and survival were influenced by litter size. Surprisingly, the decrease in litter size was a risk factor for VLBW and also reduced their survival. The results of this study suggest that VLBW and LBW puppies are two distinct populations. Moreover, it indicates that events and factors affecting intrauterine growth (leading to birth weight reduction) also affect their ability to adapt to extrauterine life.
CONCLUSION
These findings could help veterinarians and breeders to improve the management of their facility and more specifically of LBW puppies. Possible recommendations would be to only select for reproduction dams of optimal age and to pay particular attention to LBW puppies born in small litters. Further studies are required to understand the origin of LBW in dogs.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Weight; Dogs; Female; Litter Size; Male; Mortality; Species Specificity; Stillbirth
PubMed: 32972422
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02577-z -
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2017Whilst prevention of growth faltering has both short- and long-term health benefits, whether too fast or accelerated infant growth adversely affects later health... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Whilst prevention of growth faltering has both short- and long-term health benefits, whether too fast or accelerated infant growth adversely affects later health outcomes is controversial and a major focus of research.
SUMMARY
Many observational studies suggest that rapid weight gain in infancy (upward centile crossing) increases the long-term risk of obesity and non-communicable disease. This association has been seen in infants from low- and high-income countries, in infants born preterm or at term, and those born with normal or low birth weight for gestation. Experimental (randomized) studies in both breast- and formula-fed infants support a causal link between early growth acceleration and infant nutrition and later risk of obesity. These observations suggest that strategies to optimize the pattern of infant growth could make a major contribution to stemming the current global epidemic of non-communicable disease. Key Messages: The optimal pattern of infant weight gain is likely to differ in different populations. The benefits of rapid infant weight gain for later neurodevelopment favors the promotion of rapid growth in infants born preterm. However, growth acceleration in healthy infants born at term (either normal or low birth weight for gestation) is likely to have adverse effects for long-term health.
Topics: Birth Weight; Child Development; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Obesity; Weight Gain
PubMed: 28301849
DOI: 10.1159/000464302 -
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2013Macrosomia is diagnosed when excessive intrauterine fetal growth occurs and the birth weight surpasses an established limit. The causes and risk factors for fetal... (Review)
Review
Macrosomia is diagnosed when excessive intrauterine fetal growth occurs and the birth weight surpasses an established limit. The causes and risk factors for fetal macrosomia are diverse. Pregnancies with fetal macrosomia are considered high risk and require intensive antenatal care. Prenatal ultrasound appears to be the best method for performing weight estimates before birth, as the correct birth weight is often underestimated when using biometric formulae to determine the fetal weight. Three-dimensional volume sonography has been shown to improve estimates of fetal weight by including limbs volumes. The recent Hart formula has been specifically developed for fetal macrosomia estimation and appears to improve accuracy. Delivery of a macrosomic baby is also high risk and should be performed in tertiary centres with experienced obstetricians.
Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 23221275
DOI: 10.1159/000341813 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Apr 2024Observational studies have suggested an association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the causality between them has not been established. We aimed...
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have suggested an association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the causality between them has not been established. We aimed to obtain the causal relationship between birth weight with T2DM and quantify the mediating effects of potential modifiable risk factors.
METHODS
Two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques were applied using SNPs as genetic instruments for exposure and mediators. Summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for birth weight, T2DM, and a series of fatty acids traits and their ratios were leveraged. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the main analysis approach. In addition, the heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test, and leave-one-out analysis were carried out to assess the robustness.
RESULTS
The IVW method showed that lower birth weight raised the risk of T2DM (β: -1.113, 95% CI: -1.573 ∼ -0.652). Two-step MR identified 4 of 17 candidate mediators partially mediating the effect of lower birth weight on T2DM, including ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids (proportion mediated: 7.9%), ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids (7.2%), ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids (8.1%) and ratio of linoleic acid to total fatty acids ratio (6.0%).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings supported a potentially causal effect of birth weight against T2DM with considerable mediation by modifiable risk factors. Interventions that target these factors have the potential to reduce the burden of T2DM attributable to low birth weight.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Birth Weight; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
PubMed: 38566047
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02087-z -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Jan 2017This study aimed to examine the associations of birth weight with ability in school sports in adolescence and participation in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA)...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to examine the associations of birth weight with ability in school sports in adolescence and participation in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) across adulthood and to investigate whether associations between birth weight and LTPA change with age.
METHODS
Study participants were British singletons born in 1946 and followed up to age 68 yr (the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development). Birth weights were extracted from birth records. Teacher reports of ability in school sports were collected at age 13 yr. LTPA was self-reported at ages 36, 43, 53, 60-64, and 68 yr and categorized at each age as participating in sports, exercise, and other vigorous LTPA at least once per month versus no participation. Associations were examined using standard and mixed-effects logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Relevant data were available for 2739 study participants (50.1% female). When compared with the low birth weight group (≤2.50 kg), those with heavier birth weights were more likely to be rated as above average or average at school sports (vs below average); fully adjusted odds ratio = 1.78 (95% confidence interval = 1.14-2.77). Across adulthood, those with heavier birth weights were more likely to participate in LTPA than those with low birth weight; fully adjusted odds ratio of LTPA across adulthood = 1.52 (95% confidence interval = 1.09-2.14). This association did not vary by age (P = 0.5 for birth weight by age interaction).
CONCLUSIONS
Low birth weight was associated with lower ability in school sports and with nonparticipation in LTPA across adulthood. Identifying the underlying developmental and social processes operating across life for low birth weight infants may inform the design of appropriate interventions to support participation in LTPA across life.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Birth Weight; Exercise; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Leisure Activities; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Schools; Sports; United Kingdom
PubMed: 27580148
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001077 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jun 2023Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at greater risk of abnormal birth weight. Since the level of biochemical indicators could often affect the...
BACKGROUND
Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at greater risk of abnormal birth weight. Since the level of biochemical indicators could often affect the intrauterine growth and development of the fetus, it is of great practical significance to understand the changes of biochemical levels across pregnancy in women with GDM and to find out the indicators that play an important role in predicting birth weight.
METHODS
The data source of this study was from the Xi'an Longitudinal Mother-Child Cohort study (XAMC), in which women with GDM with normal and high pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and their newborns between January 1 and March 31 in 2018 were included. The data of ferritin, serum lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of mothers in the three trimesters of pregnancy, as well as birth weight of newborns were all collected from medical records. Multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association of the biochemical indexes and birth weight. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
A total of 782 mother-infant pairs were finally included and divided into normal weight group (NG) (n = 530, 67.8%) and overweight/obesity group (OG) (n = 252, 32.2%) according to maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. The level of ferritin in both NG and OG decreased during pregnancy (P for trend < 0.001 for all), whereas the levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL-C), low density cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) all showed an upward trend (P for trend < 0.05 for all). The levels of FPG in the two groups remained in a relatively stable during the whole pregnancy even though it was higher in OG during the 2 and 3 trimesters, whilst HbAlc levels in NG women increased (P for trend = 0.043) during pregnancy. Meanwhile, the risk of macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) increased with the increase of FPG level (P for trend < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses results showed that only FPG level in the 3 trimester was correlated with birth weight, with birth weight increased by 44.9 g for each SD increase in FPG level.
CONCLUSION
Maternal FPG in the 3 trimester is an independent predictor of newborn birth weight, and a higher level of that is associated with an increased risk of macrosomia and LGA.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Birth Weight; Diabetes, Gestational; Fetal Macrosomia; Blood Glucose; Ferritins; Cohort Studies; Obesity; Weight Gain; Cholesterol; Lipids
PubMed: 37386448
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05806-z -
Epigenetics 2021The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory predicts that prenatal and early life events shape adult health outcomes. Birth weight is a useful... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory predicts that prenatal and early life events shape adult health outcomes. Birth weight is a useful indicator of the foetal experience and has been associated with multiple adult health outcomes. DNA methylation (DNAm) is one plausible mechanism behind the relationship of birth weight to adult health. Through data linkage between Generation Scotland and historic Scottish birth cohorts, and birth records held through the NHS Information and Statistics Division, a sample of 1,757 individuals with available birth weight and DNAm data was derived. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) were performed in two independently generated DNAm subgroups (n = 1,395, n = 362), relating adult DNAm from whole blood to birth weight. Meta-analysis yielded one genome-wide significant CpG site (p = 5.97x10), cg00966482. There was minimal evidence for attenuation of the effect sizes for the lead loci upon adjustment for numerous potential confounder variables (body mass index, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status). Associations between birth weight and epigenetic measures of biological age were also assessed. Associations between lower birth weight and higher Grim Age acceleration (p = 3.6x10) and shorter DNAm-derived telomere length (p = 1.7x10) are described, although results for three other epigenetic clocks were null. Our results provide support for an association between birth weight and DNAm both locally at one CpG site, and globally via biological ageing estimates.
Topics: Adult; Birth Cohort; Birth Weight; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33079621
DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1827713 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2023Maternal nutrition can have a profound effect on fetal growth, development, and subsequent infant birth weight. However, little is known regarding the influence of...
BACKGROUND
Maternal nutrition can have a profound effect on fetal growth, development, and subsequent infant birth weight. However, little is known regarding the influence of prepregnancy dietary patterns.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to explore the effects between prepregnancy dietary patterns on birth weight.
METHODS
This study included 911 singleton live-born infants from the Taicang and Wuqiang Mother-Child Cohort Study (TAWS). Baseline information and prepregnancy diet data were collected during early pregnancy. Newborn birth information was obtained from the Wuqiang County Hospital. Macrosomia, defined as a birth weight of ≥4000 g, and large for gestational age (LGA), defined as a birth weight higher than the 90th percentile for the same sex and gestational age, were the outcomes of interest. The dietary patterns were extracted using principal component analysis. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between prepregnancy dietary patterns (in tertiles) and macrosomia and LGA, and subgroup analysis was further explored by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).
RESULTS
Four dietary patterns were identified based on 15 food groups. These patterns were named as "cereals-vegetables-fruits," "vegetables-poultry-aquatic products," "milk-meat-eggs," and "nuts-aquatic products-snacks." After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and other dietary patterns, greater adherence to the "cereals-vegetables-fruits" pattern before pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of macrosomia (adjusted OR = 2.220, 95% CI: 1.018, 4.843), while greater adherence to the "nuts-aquatic products-snacks" pattern was associated with a lower risk of macrosomia (adjusted OR = 0.357, 95% CI: 0.175, 0.725) compared to the lowest tertile. No significant association was observed between prepregnancy dietary patterns and LGA. However, after subgroup analysis of pre-pregnancy BMI, "cereals-vegetables-fruits" pattern was associated with an increased risk of LGA in overweight and obese mothers (adjusted OR = 2.353, 95% CI: 1.010, 5.480).
CONCLUSIONS
An unbalanced pre-pregnancy diet increases the risk of macrosomia and LGA, especially in overweight or obese women before pre-pregnancy.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Female; Humans; Birth Weight; Fetal Macrosomia; Cohort Studies; Overweight; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Obesity; Weight Gain; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 37904502
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2273216 -
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2022As health professionals, we have memorized that "newborns can lose up to 10% of their birth weight during the first week of life and should regain it by two weeks of...
As health professionals, we have memorized that "newborns can lose up to 10% of their birth weight during the first week of life and should regain it by two weeks of age". However, this statement, which appears so accurate, comes from studies conducted in the 1960s, when medical knowledge and how newborns were fed were utterly different from what it is today. Currently, multiple factors contribute to the percentage of weight loss at birth and the rate at which this weight is regained. There are nomograms for exclusively breastfed and formula-fed newborns and those by vaginal or cesarean delivery. To meet the World Health Organization's goal of exclusively breastfeeding newborns, it is essential to recognize that "loss of more than 10% of birth weight" does not represent the need for formula supplementation. When assessing these cases, we must consider several factors that influence the percentage of weight loss in newborns. Therefore, diagnostic decisions should always be individualized in favor of breastfeeding.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Birth Weight; Weight Loss
PubMed: 36477433
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.22000032